Biology is designed to cover the scope and sequence requirements of a typical two-semester biology course for science majors. The text provides comprehensive coverage of foundational research and core biology concepts through an evolutionary lens. Biology includes rich features that engage students in scientific inquiry, highlight careers in the biological sciences, and offer everyday applications. The book also includes clicker questions to help students understand—and apply—key concepts.


* Complete Textbook by OpenStax
* Multiple Choices Questions (MCQ)
* Essay Questions Flash Cards
* Key-Terms Flash Cards

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Table of Contents

Unit 1. The Chemistry of Life
1. The Study of Life
2. The Chemical Foundation of Life
3. Biological Macromolecules
Unit 2. The Cell
4. Cell Structure
5. Structure and Function of Plasma Membranes
6. Metabolism
7. Cellular Respiration
8. Photosynthesis
9. Cell Communication
10. Cell Reproduction
Unit 3. Genetics
11. Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction
12. Mendel's Experiments and Heredity
13. Modern Understandings of Inheritance
14. DNA Structure and Function
15. Genes and Proteins
16. Gene Expression
17. Biotechnology and Genomics
Unit 4. Evolutionary Processes
18. Evolution and the Origin of Species
19. The Evolution of Populations
20. Phylogenies and the History of Life
Unit 5. Biological Diversity
21. Viruses
22. Prokaryotes: Bacteria and Archaea
23. Protists
24. Fungi
25. Seedless Plants
26. Seed Plants
27. Introduction to Animal Diversity
28. Invertebrates
29. Vertebrates
Unit 6. Plant Structure and Function
30. Plant Form and Physiology
31. Soil and Plant Nutrition
32. Plant Reproduction
Unit 7. Animal Structure and Function
33. The Animal Body: Basic Form and Function
34. Animal Nutrition and the Digestive System
35. The Nervous System
36. Sensory Systems
37. The Endocrine System
38. The Musculoskeletal System
39. The Respiratory System
40. The Circulatory System
41. Osmotic Regulation and Excretion
42. The Immune System
43. Animal Reproduction and Development
Unit 8. Ecology
44. Ecology and the Biosphere
45. Population and Community Ecology
46. Ecosystems
47. Conservation Biology and Biodiversity
The Periodic Table of Elements
Geological Time
Measurements and the Metric System